Complex and Rapid Cycling in Bipolar Children and Adolescents: A Preliminary Study

TABLE 1: DESCRIPTIVE CHARACTERISTICS AND DSM-III-R DIAGNOSES
 
£ 12 years old
  
³ 13 years old
  
Total
 
N=9
  
N=17
  
N=26
Mean (±SD)                
Age (years)
9.3
(2.1)
  
15.6
(1.4)
  
13.5
(3.5)
CGAS Scorea
35.0
(10.9)
  
39.7
(6.7)
  
38.1
(8.5)
Age Onsetb
4.0
(2.9)
  
10.9
(2.9)
  
8.5
(4.4)
                 
% (N)                
Female
22.2
(2)
  
47.1
(8)
  
38.5
(10)
Psychotropic Rxc
33.3
(3)
  
17.6
(3)
  
23.1
(6)
Hyperactivity
88.9
(8)
  
29.4
(5)
  
50.0
(13)
Suicidality
33.3
(3)
  
52.9
(9)
  
46.2
(12)
Psychosis
44.4
(4)
  
35.3
(6)
  
38.5
(10)
"Mixed Mania"d
44.4
(4)
  
64.7
(11)
  
57.7
(15)
                 
% (N) DSM-III-R                
BP-Ie
44.4
(4)
  
64.7
(11)
  
57.7
(15)
BP-IIe
55.6
(5)
  
35.3
(6)
  
42.3
(11)
Dysthymia
22.2
(2)
  
47.1
(8)
  
38.5
(10)
Conduct (M-S)f
22.2
(2)
  
17.6
(3)
  
19.2
(5)
Separation Anxg
33.3
(3)
  
11.8
(2)
19.2
(5)
OCDh
11.1
(1)
11.8
(2)
  
11.5
(3)
Phobic (High)I
22.2
(2)
  
0
(0)
  
7.7
(2)
GADj
0
(0)
  
5.9
(1)
  
3.8
(1)
Panic
0
(0)
  
0
(0)
  
0
(0)
  1. CGAS = Children's Global Assessment Scale (0 is worst, 100 is best).
  2. Age Onset = Age of onset of mood disorder symptoms.
  3. Rx = treatment.
  4. "Mixed Mania" = Coexistent mania and major depression.
  5. BP = Bipolar disorder.
  6. M-S = Moderate or severe DSM-III-R conduct disorder.
  7. Anx = Anxiety.
  8. OCD = Obsessive-compulsive disorder.
  9. Phobic (high) = Phobia with impairment (³ 5 on KSADS-P-1986 item).
  10. GAD = Generalized anxiety disorder.